![]() Consequently, by analyzing the entire collection of RNA sequences in a cell (the transcriptome) researchers can determine when and where each gene is turned on or off in the cells and tissues of an organism.ĭepending on the technique used, it is often possible to count the number of transcripts to determine the amount of gene activity - also called gene expression - in a certain cell or tissue type. Such transcripts may serve to influence cell structure and to regulate genes.Īn RNA sequence mirrors the sequence of the DNA from which it was transcribed. In this process: mRNA is transcribed from genes then the mRNA transcripts are delivered to ribosomes, the molecular machines located in the cell's cytoplasm then the ribosomes read, or "translate," the sequence of chemical letters in the mRNA and assemble building blocks called amino acids into proteins.ĭNA can also be transcribed into other types of RNA that do not code for proteins. The major type, called messenger RNA (mRNA), plays a vital role in making proteins. These gene readouts are called transcripts, and a transcriptome is a collection of all the gene readouts present in a cell. ![]() For the instructions to be carried out, DNA must be "read" and transcribed - in other words, copied - into RNA ( ribonucleic acid ). These instructions are spelled out in the form of "base pairs" of four different chemicals, organized into 20,000 to 25,000 genes. The human genome is made up of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), a long, winding molecule that contains the instructions needed to build and maintain cells.
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